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Bronchiolitis
8
Quick facts
by Daniel Kozan
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What is the pathophysiology?
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Infection of the bronchiolar respiratory epithelium causes increased mucous secretion, cell death and sloughing. The resulting debris and edema cause obstruction of the small airways.
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What is the most commonly affected age group?
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2-24 months
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What percentage of children will get bronchiolitis at some point in the first 2 years of life?
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50%
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What is the major causative agent?
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respiratory syncytial virus (>50%)
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What is the typical presentation?
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cough, fever, irritability, poor feeding, wheezing, tachypnea, tachycardia, increased work of breathing
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What is the mainstay of treatment?
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supportive:
1. hydration
2. oxygen
3. antipyretics
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What additional therapies may be helpful?
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salbutamol, inhaled epinephrine
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What are three main indications for hospitalization?
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1. unable to maintain O2 saturation >92% on room air
2. tachypnea >60 breaths/min (unable to feed)
3. infants <6 months old
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